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Wonderful cheese....We all love it...
What was it like in colonial America?
What kinds did they make?
How common was it?
I know Jefferson was fond of Mac-n-cheese but what other reference are there?
Did travelers carry it?
Was it a military ration?
Interested in anything you got....
 
They liked it.

William Byrd, Histories of the Dividing Line betwixt Virginia and North Carolina, 1729
Sept. 24, he ate cheese gotten from a "Plantation"(small farm)
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THE SOUTH CAROLINA GAZETTE
November 16, 1734
Charleston, South Carolina
Just imported in the Maryanne, Capt. Thomas Shubrick from London,”¦.Nests of Trunks, Cheshire Cheese, Indian trading Guns,
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THE VIRGINIA GAZETTE
Date: July 20, 1739
July 18. Sloop Thomas and Tryal, of North Carolina, John Nelson, Master, from North-Carolina, with 146 Barrels of Tar, 12 Barrels of Turpentine, 4 Barrels of Rice, 60 Barrels of Pork, 2 Barrels of Whale Oyl, 1 Barrels of Tallow, 1000 lbs. of Bees Wax, and Myrtle Wax, 50 lbs. of raw and drest Deer Skins, 50 lbs. of Hides, a Small parcel of Furs, a Bag of Feathers, 150 lbs. of Butter and Cheese, 45 pair of Mill-Stones, 20 Bushels of Pease, and 2 Barrels of Beef .
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In almost every place I have been this summer [1748], both in the English provinces and in the French ones in Canada, the residents have made cheese . . . . Here in Pennsylvania we got cheese of both kinds, good and bad; but in general better cheese was made here than in any other place in America that I visited. The cheese made by the Swedes of Raccoon [Swedesboro, NJ] was especially good and looked very appetizing. It was molded in round, thick forms of from nine to twelve inches in diameter, and was the best made in this part of the world. Some of it could rival the English variety. (Peter Kalm, Travels in North America, Dover, p. 647)

Kalm on the New York Dutch:
Their supper consists of bread and butter, and milk with small pieces of bread in it. The butter is very salt. Sometimes, too they have chocolate. They occasionally have cheese at breakfast and at dinner: It is not in slices but scraped or rasped, so as to resemble coarse flour, which they pretend adds to the good taste of cheese. They commonly drink very weak beer, or pure water."
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The Pennsylvania Gazette
July 4, 1754
Just imported in the last vessels from London,... reams of paper, birding guns, sconce and pier looking glasses, Cheshire cheese,
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The South-Carolina GAZETTE
August 8, 1754
LENNOX & DEAS
CHARLES-TOWN
HAVE imported”¦.flannels, Gloucester cheese, short pipes, and small sized swan shot
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June 5, 1755
The Pennsylvania Gazette
"... trading guns, muskets with bayonets, Cheshire and Gloucester cheese, choice Madeira wine by the pipe, &c. &c. &c."
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The Pennsylvania Gazette
May 6, 1762
Philadelphia, May 6, 1762. This Day will be opened, at the Sign of the Bottle and Glass, opposite Mr. Philip Hulbeart, in Second street, on Society Hill, A MEAD HOUSE, kept by JOHN DUDLEY, from London; where may be had choice Mead, &c. and fresh Cheesecakes, and Pies drawn every Night.
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Doddridge, traveling foods for drivers of trade caravans:
"bread, jerk, boiled ham and cheese".
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The South-Carolina GAZETTE
August 25, 1764
CHARLES-TOWN
GOOD Beer and Cyder, best Gloucestershire Cheese, very neat silver and steel-mounted Fowling-Pieces,”¦
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The South-Carolina GAZETTE
October 29, 1764
CHARLES-TOWN
FINE GLOUCESTER AND CHESHIRE CHEESE. ””Best hyson and bohea tea, loaf sugar and sugar candy; coffee, black pepper, best Durham mustard, salt-petre, and ginger; cinnamon, nutmegs, cloves and mace, Turkey raisins, and currants in jars, prunes and Jordan almonds; pickled walnuts, capers, Spanish olives, and ketchup, Florence oil in pint bottles.””
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The Pennsylvania Gazette
March 20, 1766
BEST GLOUCESTER CHEESE, and some CLOUT LEATHER, suitable for Fire Buckets,
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THE SOUTH CAROLINA GAZETTE; AND COUNTRY JOURNAL
February 24, 1767
CHARLES-TOWN
Just imported”¦.tin and pewter cullenders, tin Dutch ovens , cheese toasters, candle extinguishers, horn lantborns
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A letter written by Lt. Frederick Mackenzie of the 23rd Reg't of Foot, or Royal Welch Fusiliers, on his arrival with the Regiment in NY in June of 1773; from the list of provisions he and other officers laid in for the ship’s voyage:

3 bags of Oats -- --
2 of Barley -- 13:0
16 lbs of Cheese -- 7:0
51 lbs of potted butter -- 2:6:1
89 of cask butter -- 2:19:0
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Diary of Ezra Tilden, Continental soldier during the revolutionary war, July 1776-December 1777:

5 August 1776 An Account of some things I carried into the Army in my Pack: A woolen Shirt with a snuff bottle full of ground coffee in it, and one and a half of chocolate in it too, wrapt up in a piece of brown paper and a new cotton and linen shirt and a new milk cheese wrapt up in it which weighed five pounds,
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From U.S Bureau of Statistics, cost of living, 1777, New England area:
local cheese per pound 7 shillings
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The Pennsylvania Gazette
April 24, 1782
From the WESTMINSTER MAGAZINE.
An ACCOUNT of an ERUPTION of MOUNT VESUVIUS, which happened in August 1779. In a Letter from Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON, K.B.F.R.S. to JOSEPH BANKS, Esq; P.R.S.
(From the Philosophical Transactions, VOL. LXX.)

If I may be allowed a mean comparison, which, however, conveys the idea of what I wish to explain, better than any other I can think of, this lava resembled a rich Parmesan cheese , which, when broken and gently separated, spins out transparent filaments from the little cells that contained the clammy liquor of which those filaments were composed.

Spence
 
NO person shall buy to sell again any Butter or Cheese, unless he sell the same in open Shop, Fair or Market; and not in gross upon pain of forfeiture of the double value, to be recovered in any of thekings Courts of Record, one moiety to the King, the other to the Informer.

The word Retail shall be expounded, where a Weight of Cheese or Barrel of Butter, or less, and not above shall be sold at any time without covin.
The Statute shall not extend to Innkeepers or Victuallers, where the same is spent in their houses.


Dalton's The Country Justice, 1690


British Rations:
"1 lb Bread or Flour
1 lb Beef or 9 1/7 oz. pork
3/7 pints pease
6/7 oz. Butter or in lieu 1 1/7 oz. Cheese
2 2/7 oz,. flour or in lieu 1 1/7 oz. Rice or 1 1/7 oz. Oatmeal."

Nathaniel Day Letter to Gen. Burgoyne
Montreal, 31 May, 1777

The easiest cheese to make is simply to use whole milk warmed up, with some vinegar added to curdle the milk, then the curds are separated by a cloth with some salt added, and squeezed to remove as much moisture as possible.

LD
 
To measure say 2/7 of something like say an ounce every day would be a pain & measures are not normally calibrated in 7ths. However if the ration was say soap, sugar or tobacco, any items issued in small quantities that did not ned to be used immediately, and the ration was issued once every 7 days, it would be easy to issue 2 ounces once a week. Hopefully it makes sense this way.
 
Coot said:
Makes more sense if some rations were being issued once a week rather than daily.
Please keep in mind these were weekly rations, but may not necessarily have been issued on a weekly basis. It is difficult to infer from the writing...
 
A Rundlet is,
4/7 barrels
3/7 tierces
2/7 hogsheads
3/14 puncheons
1/7 butts
1/14 tuns

This is the only 7th base measurement I know of...
These are barrel sizes
 
I don't think so....
If you read spence's quote the 7th's are in pints and ounces....

It's very odd...Maybe its a cryptogram or secret code.... :hmm:

Any cryptographers in the audience... :haha:
 
Hard Ana soft cheese were used as table and as cooking cheeses. Towsnd in his cooking vids often recommended a Parmesan or similar hard Italian cheese in recreating early American sides. I have found Parmesan and asiago carry well in a haversack when trekking or do well at camp with out an ice chest.
 
Actually that letter was a breakdown of a weekly ration into daily amounts. Which is silly (imho) on the letter writer's part as the men didn't eat the food that way. Anything fresh was eaten the day of issue, anything that might spoil next was the next item eaten, followed by the stuff that kept the rest of the week, and the soldiers probably fasted by default the day before the next week's rations were delivered to them.

The weekly rations was thus (well supposed to be thus...sometimes..., if the lads were favored by Heaven):

"7 lbs of Flour, of the first Quality, made from wholly Kilndried Wheat
7 lbs of Beef, or in lieu thereof 4 lbs. of Pork
6 oz. of Butter, or in lieu thereof 8 oz. of Cheese
3 Pints of Pease
1/2 lb of Oatmeal."


You can see how British Army Rations varied from this website with references as to the sources.


LD
 
I suppose cheese and butter were expensive commodities on the frontier. Need cows, goats or sheep or cheese and butter needed to be transported. I have made some over the years. I actually roasted curds years ago to get a nice sharp cheddar. Usually though, I make a the easy vinegar cheese that comes out like ricotta. I suppose hard cheeses keep better than soft.
 
I make a the easy vinegar cheese that comes out like ricotta.

Yes, I have made that also , but I am always puzzled as to what to do with it...

Eating it like cottage cheese is boring...it is a bland and tasteless cheese.

I tried salting and pressing it once but had poor results... :idunno:
 
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