Ok, theoretical question:
What would happen if I used a looong barrel rifled at 1:20?
I'm not sure I understand the question.
What would happen to what? Are we talking about slugs or patched round balls?
In general, the length of the barrel doesn't have much to do with anything except velocity if we're speaking of black powder guns.
With black powder, you can get increased velocity by increasing the barrel length, but for a given charge, there comes a point where adding more length won't increase velocity enough to be worth the extra weight and awkwardness.
As for patched round balls in a fast twist barrel, the important thing seems to be the depth of the rifleing.
Shallow rifleing grooves don't work very well with round balls.
If they are deep enough to prevent stripping or slipping of the patch, IMO, the fast twist just imparts unnecessary spin to the ball. It doesn't take much to stabilize a round ball and it's dam hard to know if it keyholed or not! ::