In the 1820's the travelers would not have had dowling machines, and I believe would have had to settle for shoots or limbs from trees.
I grew up just west of Salina, and there were no hickories there. We did have at that time large burr oaks, however the burr oak (white oak) does not grow straight shoots. They zigzag all over the place.
Back to straight round rods, one would have been able to get basal shoots from the osage orange as it was a native species at that time. That is why I mentioned that it would have to be peeled to get the bark and thorns off of it. Also in the Council Grove area as well as the Salina area would have been (2) locust species which gave up straight and tough shoots. Along the creeks would have been Chokecherry and Dogwood which give straight shoots that dry incredibly tough. The black willow grew everywhere there was moisture and made nice rods but was brittle.
Some species of elm may have been in the area, and would have given up nice straight basal shoots and would have served nice as it has a tangled grain structure and does not split well. Red elm splits very easily. American Elm doesnt. The limbs grow crooked, but the basal shoots are straight.
Once the travelers left Eastern Kansas or Eastern Nebraska, the species changed, mostly in that there were no trees. Oklahoma had very few trees west of present day I-35. I have some family who homesteaded in Oklahoma Territory around 1900, and they said it was bare when they moved there. They went to the Canadian river and cut shoots and hauled back and planted to get trees. Since most of the westward travel came from St. Louis to Westport or what is now Kansas City, then west on the Santa Fe Trail or north onto the Oregon Trail, then that area is paramount for westward expansion.
West of what is now I-35, there would have been virtually no trees. Most of the trees that you would see now are results of conservation plantings done about 1930 during the drought. Once the travelers gained the Mountains, then they would have gotten back into a few straight species but, species which would have been very brittle. I guess when you are virtually surrounded by black willow, it is easy enough to cut a stick when you need it. Use it until it dries and breaks and cut a new one. The species that we witness now-(Lowes, Home Depot, Ace Hardware :rotf
-most of them were not there in 1820......