Recent examples on deer:
A .45cal (Hornady.440) heart shot at 50yds hit a rib going in and stopped just under the skin on the far side;
One side/half of the ball flattened out so when laid on a table it looks like an igloo...the flat measured a half inch wide.
A .50cal (Hornady .490)went through a shoulder and lodged in the far shoulder, flattening out to 5/8" wide.
If you think about it, a .50/.54cal lead ball in the 180-230grn weight range, driven around 2000 fps equals / exceeds the energy of a .44 magnum which anyone would use on deer to 100yds.
With the typical ML shot being 25-75 yards, the round ball is a powerful / reliable projectile, and has been for a few hundred years