I know this may sound a little 'rustic' but in the days of muzzle-loaders, (The first time around!) more guns were loaded with soft brown paper as wadding, than anything else, tho' paste-board and punches were available.
No real thought was given to a 'cushion' wad, just something that would seal the gasses in.
Tow from an old saddle was used, moss from trees, and my favourite for dry weather,...Ivy leaves!
An old gunsmith reccomended the ivy leaves when i was a kid back in England, and complaining to him about my worry of seting the cornfields (read 'grainfields') alight when shooting pigeons before harvest.
Told me to just use ivy leaves: "... roll 'em up in a ball and stuff 'em down.."
I found more or less any strong leaf will work, just don't leave gun loaded overnight, as powder soaks up the moisture!!
Testing newspaper, brown paper, proper wads, and leaves as wadding, appear in my old guns to produce indistinguishable patterns.
... and the "use what you have" mentality Does give a sense of independence!!........not tied to some wad company to make her 'go bang'!
Any difference in balistics between "proper" wads and leaves, or paper, was completely lost on the ducks or pigeons, they all worked the same.
For over the shot on a single barrel, a bit of grass works, or moss, or paper or a leaf.
for a double, a bit stiffer wad over the shot is required, to stop the second charge from starting down the bore when the first is fired.
Paper works well, just wad it a bit tighter.
When I was a kid, there were still a few old chaps around, that through hard times had to do their shooting with old muzzleloaders,....Couldn't afford a 'new gun'. I don't think any of the ones i knew ever bought wads.
If you try newspaper, just ruckle it up and rub it together like you're washing clothes, and it goes nice and soft.
So, no excuse! go a -shooting!!
Pukka.