My buddy's youngest boy (36 years old then) has a 54 cal TC Renegade with a 1:48 twist. I went to the range with him when he sighted it in with real Black Powder, he had been using Pyrodex Select previously. With that powder he was having inconsistent results, a lot of flyers. Some folks on here had been using 3F for their 54's and had good results. So I told him to get a pound of it and meet me at the range. When we started with the 3F and he started shooting his groups weren't that great, a little better than the Pyrodex, but not much. So I had him try some of my 2F. We started at 80grs and then went to 90grs. When he used the 90grs he was shooting lights out. This was all at 50yds, so I traded his 3F for my 2F, pound for pound. Point is you will have to figure out your powder charge and granulation that works best for the rifle you have. That fall I watched him take a doe at about 70yds in a slate pond and saw the ball skip on the ground some yards behind it. His first with a sidelock. So a 1:48 works very well. Look at it this way it is no different than working up a load for a cartridge rifle, except you are loading it from the muzzle each shot instead of in a case. EVERY rifle is different (even from the same manufacture) in what it prefers, you just have to see what yours likes for its best capability with you shooting it. DANNY