Excellent thoughts folks! The unthreaded part is to provide a smooth pivot surface for moving parts.
The hex head bolts was my first try. I went to these guys:
[url] http://www.coventryfasteners.com[/url].au/coventry/divisions/industrial/coventry_fasteners/
They don't have an online catalog, but they got me 5/8" UNF high-tensile bolts which will become breech plugs, and some 4mm philips head screws for using in the lock. I ordered the hex heads but in the end they just claimed they weren't even made.
The whole point of this question is to avoid needing a lathe, so turning down the left-hand threads of 1 3/4" clamp screws from Chaika snowplows, using CNC lathes cobbled together from a Pepsi can and 8088-based washing machine controllers is basically not going to fly.
I have a Chinese GMC pedestal drill, a basic belt grinder and a dremel; I have bought taps and dies and drills as per thread reference tables. Small metric for the lock screws, and 5/8 for the breech plugs.
I feel that investing a couple thousand in a lathe just to mod up six screws is excessive, and the other stuff in the garage won't leave room for the lathe.