From a sculpture book, these formules will produce brown to black colors on brass or bronze.
Ammonia sulfide 1 teaspoon, water 1 pint, heat and apply.
Potassium sulphide, a few crystals, 1 pint water, heat and apply.
Antimony sulfied, 2 ounces, sodium hydroxide 4 ounces, water 255 ounces. Mix by weight, heat and apply.
All these things contain sulfide, so maybe it is the sulfide that does the dirty work.
It may be the sulfur in black powder and its residue that turns brass dark.
It would be interesting to see what would happen if a bit of black powder were disolved in hot water and applied to brass, it just might darken the brass.