My deer hunting load for my older CVA .50 caliber Hawken with a 24-inch barrel is just 70 grains of FFFg Swiss Black Powder because that's one of my most accurate loads plus I limit my shots to just 80 yards or less... and at that distance, a 70 grain load of FFFg and a .490" patched, round ball will shoot through an average-sized buck if the ball is placed in the deer's "kill zone" just behind the shoulder on a broad-side shot leaving 2 holes to let the blood out for a decent blood-trail.
I'm guessing my rifle's muzzle velocity is about 1600-1650 fps 'cause I haven't chronographed it, but that's more than "enough" for a 120-160 lb. deer at 80 yards or less... usually less.
Generally, the deer run only a short distance or drop where they stand if the ball is placed in the "kill zone".
Of course, I only take a shot if the deer is standing or walking slowly. I won't take a trotting, "bouncing" or running shot... too much danger of only wounding the animal.
Make "good" smoke... :grin:
Strength & Honor...
Ron T.