Some years ago I did some testing for a publication called "The Trade Blanket." One such test was a comparison of cap-and-ball revolvers from several different sources, and was later extended to include both Navy (.36 cal) and Army (.44 cal) guns. We were interested in general quality, and performance but along the way we got interested in energy delivered to the target, which is often called "knock-down power." For that testing we used a device called a Ballistic Pendulum which gives a numerical reading for each bullet strike but is not calibrated in foot-pounds. We had to set standards for comparison using modern revolvers and loads and we used standard velocity lead projectile loads for each caliber tested. The calibers chosen were .22 LR, .38 Spcl,
.357 mag., and .45 acp. All modern cartridges were LRN standard factory loads except the .45 ACP. The .45 loads were not LRN, but rather JRN hardball loads. All of our test firing was done at 50 feet for consistency. We were surprised to discover that the .36 Navy delivered only slightly greater kinetic energy to the target than the .22 LR. The .44's approached the energy delivery of a standard .38 Spcl. After scratching our heads for a while, we agreed that there were other factors that contributed to the appalling death rate of people shot by cap-and-ball handguns during that era, and we concluded that it was more attributable to shock, infection, lack of anesthesia and pain medication, inadequate medical treatment, lack of sanitation, and (literally) lead poisoning than to the effects of the bullet strike.