"All the newer publications list 3fg loads."
Probably on advice of some learned councel.
The FFFFg (4Fg) is much finer and creates higher pressures than the FFFg (3Fg) or Pyrodex P because it burns faster. It's not as large of an increase as Bullseye vs Unique but there is no doubt that the pressure is higher.
If you stop and think about it, all of the old guns were proof tested, and they had to be with the poor quality of the steel/iron available back then.
Now, with modern steel being used to produce guns, proofing is not so important but with Cap and Ball Revolvers you still must realize the design is old. (That is why you have it, right?)
Some of the wall thicknesses, especially on the .44 cal Italian and Spanish made guns have very thin cylinder walls.
You should also be aware that the "Proof Mark" on the side of the cylinder/frame is based on sample inspection of one or two guns out of thousands produced. Your gun was most likely not tested.
Perhaps I'm covering my A$$ by sticking to the FFFg or Pyrodex P and not loading the FFFFg but at lease I can count on having a couple of hands to cover it with.