I would like to make a couple of comments -
In application, here is the way I would use this formula:
1) Estimate the actual operating pressure, P.
2) Establish a Factor of Safety (F.S.) to use against the operating pressure. The purposes of a Factor of Safety are to accomodate variations in workmanship, variability of material properties, errors in the engineering methods, and uncertainty in the design load (operating load). In fact, for pressurized system design, I will use two factors of safety; one to cover for burst pressures or Ultimate Load where the part will be on the verge of catastrophic failure, and a smaller one that I will as proof pressures or a Limit Load case where I will insure the part does not yield or deform sufficiently to inhibit it's function.
3) Establish the allowable stresses (F) for the selected material, including a knockdown for operation at elevated temperatures (although this is a minor consideration in a muzzleloader).
Ok everybody, heads up! I will put this into layman's terms we can all understand. After reading this and much podering this is what I came up with.
1)
Estmate the actual operrating pressure, P
Ok, this means, how much nagging from the little women can you endure before actually taking out the garbage?
2)
Establish a factor of safety (F.S.) to use against operating pressure.
This means: trying to figure another excuse to not take the trash out now, but in fact to promise to do so at a later date, which is never specified. Ya gotta hope she does'nt stand there, arms folded giving you
that stare. If that happens your toast!
3)
Establish allowable stresses (F) for the selected material.
This is where it really gets tricky. If the trash isn't taken out
NOW when she demands, and if you drag your feet about it anymore will she really, and I mean really, get mad?
Here are some examples:
WIFE "Honey, could you take out the trash? It's full and kinda overflowing."
That deosn't equate to to much P, but it can build up like this:
WIFE "You'd said that you'ld take care of it and that was last week!"
Now the pressure is a bit more. But it can get worse, watch:
WIFE "Your setting a bad example for your children!"
See how much pressure that causes?
Now, it is time to establish the factor of saftey (F.S.). We can determine this by the following excuses that we ussually have at our fingertips. Some of these are:
1) "Right now????" This is not a good excuse and doesn't allow for much safety, and can be easily defeated.
2) "Ya know, I gotta hangnail and it really bothers me, I could get an infection ya know." This is better, but can still be defeated.
3) "Ok Dear, I'll get to it right away." This, is the best and most durable excuse because you have't denied to do it, you've simply said that you will, but, the trick is that you've never said when. It could take forever. See how strong a statement that is?
Now comes the awfull truth when we establish the total alowable stress (F) in the whole theory.
WIFE "If you DON"T take this trash out RIGHT NOW, I'm going to dump it in your SHOP! Do you hear hear me MISTER?"
This is the most allowble stress in the whole scheme of things. At that point, we
must, for the sake of our personel space and sanity take out the trash.
Now, does everybody understand this when when put into simple terms? Good, now I hope AeroE will ask a much more complicated question like: "What's for supper!?"