A snippet from a research paper I did in 2003 or thereabouts.
I don't think the first two links are still servicable.
So for the 600 or so years muzzleloaders were the only option the conicals had a run of military usage towards the tail end. Most of those hollow base or using a wood expander plug. About the time they became widespread enough for civilian use so did cartridges and breech-loaders.
. . . This got me to thinking. “When”, I asks myself, “did conical bullets first show up?” I am curious about the predecessors of the one-piece T/C Maxi-Ball and Maxi-Hunter projectiles. Not sabots (which mean “wood shoes” and involve plastic and so are easily recognized as the devil’s work), but the simple one-piece cast or swaged lead bullets. Sabots, by the way, were used as early as 1833 by the French. Credited to a Lieutenant-Colonel Poncharra, who improved an 1825+/- concept created by Captain Gustave Delvigne. Delvigne’s bullet required a shoulder in the breech plug and that the bullet be pounded via the ramrod enough to upset the lead into the rifling ”“ obviously not the thing for battle. The Poncharra sabot was first used in combat over in Algeria in 1840. I know the Whitworth used by Civil War snipers had a hexagonal conical bullet that fit special rifling, and Minié (who died in 1879) had his hollow base bullet by 1848, and the Snyder used a Pritchett bullet (similar to the Minié) right around that time. Our own James H. Burton designed the familiar one-piece minie bullet. The earliest shoulder-fired conical bullet mention I could find in my tiny library was an 1824 attempt by Captain John Norton to get the British Government to accept a cylindrical, hollow-based bullet. According to the author, Gary James writing in Dixie’s 1983 Blackpowder Annual, Norton was turned down without tests conducted as “a spherical ball was the only shape of projectile adapted for military purposes.”
Sources:
http://www.geocities.com/milsurpunderground/French.html info on French rifles
http://www.wwiitech.net/main/britain/weapons/intro-r/ British weapons of the early 1800’s
http://data2.itc.nps.gov/hafe/detail.cfm?Image_No=burt%2D20 “Official” Minié & Burton (Harpers Ferry armorer) bullet diagrams.
I don't think the first two links are still servicable.
So for the 600 or so years muzzleloaders were the only option the conicals had a run of military usage towards the tail end. Most of those hollow base or using a wood expander plug. About the time they became widespread enough for civilian use so did cartridges and breech-loaders.
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