Cliff, I'd love to say they were hand cut,but alas I cannot tell a lie.I used a 1/2" tap and die.Antler or horn is fairly dense and cuts well.You just have to go slow and back-up often to clean chips away.I use a small amount of vegetable oil, a drop or two, on the horn-it seems to cut cleaner that way.Green antler cuts better,older antler not as well,I guess it's drier and more brittle. Wild Eagle