there are no mysteries, secrets, or special concoctions needed to clean a traditional muzzleloader. weren't any problems or issues back in the 18th and 19th centuries, nor none here in the 21st information age millennium. and they surely didn't have all the nonsense "cleaning" chemicals the vendors these dayze are hawking.
all it takes is plain tepid, not hot, tap water (no soap!), some jagged patches, and a follow up with some kinda gun oil.
however, the above sentence will only work best IF yer diligent about keeping the tube moist after a shooting session.
after firing your muzzleloader and yer packing up for the trip back to the homestead ranch, run some kinda sloppy wet oily patches down the tube, maybe do it 3 times. leave the rod and last wet patch in the barrel. spritz or wipe the entire lock with that oily stuff. i like a moose milk 1:6 mix, or straight ballistol, or wd-40. this will make real cleaning a breeze later on.
such cleaning begins with the lock - put it on half cock, remove it off the firearm, remove the flint and leather (or lead) of a flint lock, and dunk the lock in a pail of tepid tap water and leave it there.
if the barrel has a hooked breech and barrel keys, remove the barrel, dunk the ignition end in a pail of tepid tap water, push a patched jag down and up the tube until clean water emanates out the ignition orifice. run down some dry patches, then follow up with an oily patch. done. move on to the lock. *
if the barrel is pinned, do NOT remove it, plug the touch hole or nipple with a tooth pick and pour tepid tap water into the barrel and allow it to stand muzzle up.
* back to the lock - with a stiff nylon bristled brush (hard toothbrush) scrub the entire lock, dunking in the water. if need be, change the dirty water for clean water. when the water remains reasonably clean, shake the excess water off the lock, dry it reasonably well with paper or cloth toweling, spritz the entire lock wet with an oil (i prefer ballistol or wd-40), pat off all the excess oil. put back the hooked breech barrel, put back the lock, put back the flint if a flintlock. done.
pull out the touch hole toothpick of the pinned barrel, run sloppy wet jagged patches down the tube, when it appears reasonably clean go to dry patches followed by an oily patch, put back the lock, put back the flint if a flintlock. done.
there now, that wasn't so hard - or time consuming once you get down the simple process.