It's tech from about the same time that they developed pottery and so is pretty simple.
All that you really are deciding upon is the permanency of the oven itself, and its efficiency. If you wanted say a kiln for pottery, that takes a lot of heat so it has to be well sealed and you will need a lot of fuel. If you're in ancient times, professionally baking for a lot of people and in a city where fuel is scarce, you need lower temps but good efficiency to conserve fuel. BUT nowadays if you're only doing a few loaves from time to time, and maybe pizza, and you don't have the time (or the cash) to build a permanent oven, plus you may need to break it down fast too...you need an organized pile of rocks or bricks is all :grin: .
The 1-Hour Brick Oven
Here's the same idea only wider for Pizza, but it's the same principle:
Quick Brick Oven for Pizza
And if you want something more authentic, don't forget the
Jas. Townsend & Son How to Build and Earth Oven
And if you're in a hurry there is:
Jas. Townsend & Son Earth Oven in 24 Hours
I hope this helps.
A bit pricey, but don't forget that you can convert a
Large Clay Chiminea into a small baking oven by filling the interior with lava stone until you can lay bricks flat with the bottom edge of the opening, and by making a wooden door. Be sure your chiminea comes with a lid for the stack to seal in heat after you rake out the ash and the embers, before baking.
LD