It sounds like you might be new to shooting muzzle loaders. From your question, I take it you want an enclosed case of flash paper containing powder and ball and take the whole thing, as is, and ram that down the barrel. If that is what you are after- it is called a combustible cartridge.
Now, during the Civil War, there were a handful of such ammunition used in the rifled muskets but the benefits were not that great- so YES such existed but for practical purposes let's assume no such thing was ever used.
1. Combustible Cartridges- like you want- were to be used in a percussion revolver, not a single shot
pistol. They were loaded whole, as is, the nipple on the revolver provides a straight path into the chamber- that means the entire force of the exploding cap went right into the chamber. The force ruptured the case, exposed the powder, and fired the round. It is wrong to think the paper was treated with nitrates to "burn through" into the case. The earliest rounds used tin foil and fired just fine.
The purpose of the nitrate treatment is to burn up the paper for safety reasons. If the paper doesn't burn up it could have a smoldering ember- when you put in another round it would explode right in your face. So a big concern is safety- all that paper has to burn up. In the percussion revolver the chamber is milled smooth and it is open to view- you can look into the chamber and see if any un-burnt paper remains.
To use one of these combustible cartridges in a single shot pistol creates a SAFETY NIGHTMARE. You cannot look down the barrel to see if any un-burnt paper remains. You will also have to ram the round all the way down a barrel with lands and grooves containing fouling and possible embers. From a function standpoint the single shot pistol has an indirect flash path- the cap's force goes into a drum that then must make a right angle turn into the bore. To make maters even worse, a substitute black powder is more difficult to ignite than black powder.
So, succinctly put REALLY BAD IDEA!
Here's what I suggest: get a wood dowel, glue stick, and some heavy craft paper- about equal to the paper on a paperback book cover. Cut some 1 1/2" strips and wrap around the dowel and glue. You now have a paper tube. On one end fit a paper bottom, you can leave tabs on the bottom you fold over the tube and glue. Seal the joint with clear tape. This gives you a tube to hold a powder charge. Now take a 1/2" strip of paper and make a tight fitting cap to put on the open top of the tube. Make about 20 of these tubes. You re-use these tubes and they'll last for years. Fill each tube with one charge of powder. Store them in an Altoid's tin. In the same tin carry greased patches, balls, and caps. Put in a crunched up paper napkin to keep all the items from moving around. You now have everything you need in a small compartment. This works a lot better that combustible cartridges and is safer and usually more accurate.
