Glazing with graphite didn't really start until the 1870's or 1880's. That graphite, since it doesn't contribute to the reaction, hinders the conversion of solids to gas. This lowers the efficiency, and like an old inefficient diesel... it blows smoke.
All BP smokes but my experiments with making it (not really a topic for this forum), if you are really choosy with your materials and production methods, it doesn't produce nearly what the commercial stuff does (aka: you are making it for yourself or are producing it in a time when BP is all that is available for powder, and competition is fierce). Shoot, some of the powders offered as small arms powders today are also sold unscreened as cheap blasting powder lol, and that application has a very different standard of performance to small arms powder. Paper Cartridges is well researched on this stuff, plus he's an Ordinance officer, and has access to a lot of writtrn materials on the subject. Now blasting stuff, that was more my game when I was in lol (engineers, if we weren't building stuff haha)