Blackhand, you made eminently clear that you don't give a manure about the fine points of precision target accuracy. What doesn't matter to a person who only cares about killing an animal may matter to a person who aspires to a higher technical degree of skill and knowledge. You said that there is no effect by escaping gases and pressure on the ball as soon as it leaves the muzzle, which is quite obviously false. You indicated that the test I suggested would only be relevant if you could blow a lead ball some distance, when the pressure following that ball out the muzzle is over 20,000 times higher than some people's hot air. When shown to be in error, you simply deflect and say it is a drop in the ocean. Whether excess powder is ejected from the barrel, is a matter of some debate, although certainly if there is, as my experiment showed many years ago, it is a very small amount. And most of the matter ejected is ash and other detritus. This may not matter to you, just as whether the world is round or flat does not matter to a turnip farmer in Indiana. Why not leave the matter to those who do care instead of interjecting totally irrelevant remarks about whether it matters to you. Be happy with your turnips and don't interfere with those who want to know if the world is round.