It is my understand that the cannons on board all the big dreadnaughts, and our own battle ships, like the Missouri, were fired with bags of black powder as the propellant. The same for the few Krupp guns made by Germany and mounted on railroad cars to take to the front and bombard Paris during WWI. Big Bertha may be the largest BP weapon made, but there still are arguments between military historians about various gun. It does dissolve in to definitions of " the most powerful ", with some favoring terminal energy delivered to a target, and others talking about how far a projectile can be fired( range). How much powder is needed to send a given projectile a given distance. There are good reasons for both sides of the argument.