Jack and Leslie Warden lived about two blocks from the smelter. They're driving me around the old neighborhood.
"All the trucks traveled this road," Jack Warden says. "And the dust was on the sides of the streets here. Both sides."
This is where they raised their son ”“ but in the late 1990s they started wondering how safe it was. For one thing, there was this thick dust on the streets where the trucks drove in from the lead mines.
Dave Mosby worked for the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. "Jack Warden had been telling me about lead dust, or dust coming from trucks on the roads, and that wasn't something we'd really considered."
After a community meeting in Herculaneum one night, Warden convinced him to take a look at the dust on the streets outside.
"We went out with him late at night, and I could see, even by the street lamp, that it was likely to be contaminated with heavy metals," Mosby says. "It had a metallic luster."
Back at their new home a few miles south of Herculaneum, Warden unscrews a small glass jar.
"This is what the contamination on the streets was," he says, spilling a bit on the kitchen table. "I don't like getting it anywhere on the house."
It looks kind of like pencil dust, like after you sharpen a pencil.
30 percent lead.
Credit Jacob Fenston / KBIA
"This was all over. It covered the side-walking areas. Kids would ride their bicycle down the street and they'd see that dust, they'd lock the brakes up, slide the back tire around on the bicycle, dust would just go flying. And that's what they were breathing ”“ 30 percent lead."
The Department of Natural Resources test came back: the dust from the streets in Herculaneum contained 300,000 parts per million lead. That's 30 percent.
"We begged and begged and begged, and Jack strong-armed poor Dave Mosby into doing that test. But when the test came out, were we happy about it? We cried. We cried ”“ 30 percent lead our kids were playing in. It wasn't good news."
But it did lead to action. The Department of Natural Resources issued a cease and desist order. And soon federal health officials got involved.