The beeswax-based lubes are my first cleaning step; soapy hot water the second; Ballistol the third.
Water is all you need to clean. Oil to protect afterwards.
Perhaps I wasn't clear. The lubes are applied at the range immediately after shooting to keep the black powder residue soft.
The soapy water comes later at home.
That first step at the range before heading home really makes the rest of the cleaning process much easier and much less time critical.