I do three things. First, put a target exactly 16-yards out and head-high. Focus on the spot with gun at high-ready. Move, mount, shoot. This is "patterning" to determine gun-fit. Figure out the center of your pattern and you know if you need to make adjustments for the gun to shoot where you look. Next - for a "traditional" choke pattern, put a 30-in or larger target at 40-yards. Shoot one shot and count the holes in the 30-inch circle. Divide by the total # of pellets to get a percentage. Convert the percentage into a choke designation. Lastly, figure out what you're going to shoot and how far. For me, I shoot mostly woodcock/quail/dove sized birds at around 25-yards and grouse/pheasant sized birds at 35-yards. I'll shoot patterns at those distances and use a cardboard cut-out of an open-winged bird silhouette representing the kind of bird I mostly shoot at that range. If the bird would receive several hits anywhere within the pattern its good. If the pattern has substantial holes in it that the bird could get through, or just get a couple of pellet hits, I work to tighten the pattern.