The question of "Proof" is one which many people in the U.K. get wrong. The two principal items of legislation are (1) the Firearm Acts -- defining possession and (2) The Gunbarrel Proof Acts - essentially the earliest "consumer safety legislation" -- the "Society of the Mistery of Gunmakers of the City of London" (commonly called the Worhipful Company of Gunmakers) was set up in 1637 and has been at its present site OUTSIDE the City Walls since 1675.
In order to explain this I must refer to "unmentionables" -- sorry Zonie, but there is no other way.
Basically (oversimplifying a bit) any "barrelled device" which delivers a projectile is likely to be considered a "firearm" -- irrespective of age. However, there are exemptions to some of the rules... that is where "ANTIQUES" come in.
There are TWO aspects to consider .... the first is whether or not the firearm requires "Certification" to possess. These are CERTIFICATES ---
not "licences" -- for which an individual must apply to his local Police Force (oops -- - sorry --- supposed to call them Police SERVICES these P.C. days).
There is UK legislation intended to stop convicted persons from owning "firearms" (including antiques and airguns) -- see link to --
Firearms Act 1968
The lowest level is a SHOTGUN CERTIFICATE -- - where the
person is licenced to possess (not necessarily use). S/he can the acquire any number but they must be (in effect) notified to the who issued the certificate. Barrel over 24" and if with a magazine this firearm cannot hold more than 3. (? A bit like Massachusetts where there are 2 levels of Pistol Permit according to mag capacity.)
The next level is a FIREARM CERTIFICATE --- where the individual is authorised to acquire (and possess)
each firearm, according to its specification -- e.g., someone might apply for "Two .22" rifles, a .243" rifle and a .44" muzzle-loading revolver". When acquired the details are entered onto the Certificate and both parties are required to advise the Police.
These are other classifications -- e.g., I have "Section 5 Authority" from the Home Office (U.K. "State Department"?) for a number of classes of "Prohibited Weapons" (including full-auto) -- rather like US "Class III".
In Scotland (an area of "devolved legislation) even AIRGUNS require a person to possess a Firearm Certificate.
HOWEVER, there are some exemptions for historic arms, according to their DATE of manufacture and the CHAMBERING. This is enshrined in Section 58(2) of the current Firearms Act.
As far as DATE (basically pre-WW2) that means that a UBERTI .44" Colt M1860 can only be a licenceable "Section 1" Firearm even though it is a near-copy of an original. A Southgate flint rifle in the U.K. is a licenceable firearm.
OBSOLETE CHAMBERING -- The Home Office issues a list of these. Early ignition systems are included but for breechloaders the crux is the nature of the ammunition. Provided that the person does not have ammunition s/he may, e.g., have a Webley "bulldog" in .442CF (Centre-Fire) but NOT in .450CF. There is a rebuttal presumption that the possession of ammunition indicates that the person does not possess the firearm as a "curiosity or ornament".
This makes more sense to me than the GCA68 "magic date" of the end of 1898 (I am often amazed at how frequently US dealers / collectors refer to "PRE 98", which
must mean 1897.) Just look at the prices fo Win M1894 rifles ... one made in 1898 will fetch many times what one in 1899 does -- because it does not require "paper".
However, some criminals use s.58(2) revolvers -- ovbiously illegally. There was one Dealer in the UK who was buying older items in the USA, eclaring them to the US Customs as "Antique" (some were even as late as the 1950s) and doing the same when he landed in the U.K. He was also hand-laooding ammunition for selected Obsolete revolvers (.44R, M1873 French, .41Colt... ... ) and selling them, mainly to pigmentlly challenged persons. Eventually he was caught and now is serving 30 years .. . Google "Paul Edmunds"
It is likely that some calibres are likely to be removed from the s.58(2) list in the near future.
In the USA there are weasel words in the "Antique Firearm" legislation.
National Firearms Act Definitions Antique Firearm 26 U.S.C. § 5845(G)
For the purposes of the National Firearms Act, the term
“Antique Firearms” means any firearm not intended or redesigned for using rim fire or conventional center fire ignition with fixed ammunition and manufactured in or before 1898 (including any matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap or similar type of ignition system or replica thereof, whether actually manufactured before or after the year 1898) and also any firearm using fixed ammunition manufactured in or before 1898,
for which ammunition is no longer manufactured in the United States and is not readily available in the ordinary channels of commercial trade.
(my emphasis)
Does this imply that pre '99 Colt M1873s might no longer be "antique" -- or only if there is NO commercially made ammunition which is loaded with Black Powder?
Even in the USA there are potential problems with "Antiques". I recall a number of years ago in Maryland there were attempts to impose a State Law removing the right to own Antique Firearms because someone had committed a felony using a replica ML revolver. It is up to us all to protect our heritage against attack.
I do hope that this long post will help US citizens understand the position in the U.K.
ATB
Jim Hallam